This article reviews the assessment and management of the pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon, a disease commonly encountered by primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons. We include a discussion of relevant anatomy, function, pathoanatomy, natural history of the disease, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Recent literature on the function of the long head of the bicep (LHB) is reviewed. Literature on our evolving understanding of the pathoanatomy behind LHB tendinopathy is discussed. We also discuss the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment modalities.
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