Reference Values for Peak Exercise Cardiac Output in Healthy Individuals

摘要

A reduction of exercise capacity is frequently reported as the cause of medical assessment in apparently healthy subjects, and it may be due to several reasons, but most often to low cardiac output () and/or low muscle conditioning. The evidence of a low peak exercise is therefore of paramount importance in separating subjects?with deconditioning from those with heart failure (HF), and in analyzing the role of deconditioning in patients with HF. Indeed, a reduction of is one of the first events that provoke HF, and often it is first evident during exercise.