An example of coherence between technical systems, social systems and land-use: The case of rubber samllholders of the West Kalimantan province (Indonesia)

摘要

Integration then development of agroforestry systems in farming systems in the province of West Kalimantan (Indonesia) allowed a progressive evolution of social systems in coherence with technical systems without brutal breakdowns. The permanence of agroforestry practices over a long period for extensive agroforestry rubber systems (called jungle rubber) favoured such coherence maintained between technical systems and social systems. The Dayaks and Malayu populations created land tenure and regulations (Adat, in Indonesian), according to their need for controlling their “territory” in order to facilitate agricultural production and the reproduction of their social systems. Land-use, customary law and labour use evolution seems to be relevant factors to study such coherence.