The Impact of the Chromosome Alterations in the Reproductive Efficiency of the Domestic Animal Carriers: the Role of the Reciprocal Translocations in the Porcine Reproduction

摘要

The chromosome alterations with higher negative impact on reproduction ofdomestic species, particularly on swine (Sus scrofa domestica), are the reciprocal translocations (rcp).It is clear that its economic consequences are very important if the animals are selected to produce alarge number of litters such as those used in insemination centres. Until 2008 a number of 148reciprocal translocations between two non-homologous chromosomes, as well as three different typesof reciprocal translocations in those three non-homologous chromosomes are involved and threedifferent Robertsonian translocations have been described in pigs. The chromosomes involved in thefirst group were all of the chromosome complement including the sexual ones, appearing involved inthe reciprocal translocations among three non-homologous chromosomes the pairs 2, 4, 9, 14 and 15and the pairs 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 in the Robertsonian translocations. The effects on the prolificacy insome of the types of these chromosome alterations have been analyzed. In these cases a clear reductionwas observed when the females were inseminated with semen from carriers of translocations males. Insome of them the percentage of fertility reduction has been calculated, observing in some cases eventhe sterility of the carrier animals. Other negative effects in some translocations, as the presence ofcongenital malformations in the newborn piglets, have been observed. Following the literature insixteen countries from Europe (mainly France and Sweden) plus EEUU, Canada and India thesealterations have been detected, without doubt result of their political of systematic studies of breeders.