Gambaran Ketersediaan Tenaga dan Upaya Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi di Puskesmas (Analisis Lanjut Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan 2011)

摘要

Results of Riskesdas 2013 showed that 25.9% of the Indonesian population have dental health problems. Amongst them, there were only 31.1% which received dental care. However, the Riskesdas 2013 does not provide information regarding the availability of human resource working for dental health program. Therefore, the researchers used data from the 2011 Health Facility Research (Rifaskes). The analysis aims to obtain information on the proportion of dental health professionals and their program in public health centers (PHCs) based on regions of Indonesia. There were two variables analyzed, namely dental health professionals and dental health program. The analysis showed that the placements of dentists remain concentrated in Java and Bali islands. Of the 8,975 PHC, only 60.6% have dentists. Moreover, in terms of the comprehensiveness level of the dental care program, School Dental Care Effort (UKGS) and Village Community Dental Care Effort (UKGMD) were available. However, only 72.3% PHCs completely conducted three kinds of dental health program. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an attractive policy so as to increase the placement of dentists and dental nurses throughout the PHCs in Indonesia and this should be distributed evenly so that they can carry out optimal dental health program. Key words : dental health, public health center, rifaskes AbstrakHasil Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan 25,9% penduduk Indonesia memiliki masalah gigi dan mulut. Diantara yang memiliki masalah gigi dan mulut tersebut terdapat 31,1% yang menerima perawatan dan pengobatan dari tenaga medis dan paramedis gigi, sementara 68,9% lainnya tidak dilakukan perawatan. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi berapa proporsi tenaga kesehatan gigi dan upaya kesehatan gigi di puskesmas berdasarkan wilayah. Data yang digunakan adalah data Rifaskes 2011. Ada dua variabel yang dianalisis yaitu tenaga kesehatan gigi dan upaya kesehatan gigi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penempatan dokter gigi masih terkonsentrasi di wilayah Jawa-Bali, dan belum merata di seluruh Indonesia. Dari 8.975 puskesmas hanya 60,6% puskesmas yang memiliki dokter gigi dan 17,6% puskesmas di Indonesia tidak memiliki dokter gigi ataupun perawat gigi. Namun dalam hal kelengkapan ketersediaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi, UKGS dan UKGMD ternyata hanya 72,3% atau 1.653 puskesmas yang lengkap menyelenggarakan tiga upaya pokok kesehatan gigi. Mengingat masih tingginya prevalensi masalah gigi dan mulut di Indonesia maka perlu dikembangkan suatu strategi yang menarik agar penempatan tenaga dokter gigi dan perawat gigi tersebar merata di seluruh puskesmas di Indonesia sehingga dapat melaksanakan upaya kesehatan gigi secara optimal.