NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA YANG MENDASARI PEMERATAAN MAKANAN YANG DAPAT MENUNJANG GIZI KELUARGA

摘要

The results of the analysis of Basic Health Research in 2010,showed that Bantul District of Yogyakarta Province, is one of the 10 Districts/Municipalities in Indonesia bearing good Community Health Development Index of 0.69148. Community Health Development Index (CHDI) is a composite that describes the progress of health development, including maternal and child health. Based on the assumption that there is a significant relationship between economic development of the community and high status of health as shown by the CHDI, it is a little bit unusual and draws a question, because the pre-prosperous and poor families in the district are quite high. Therefore, it is should be determine what are the various endogenous factors, such as socio-cultural factors; among those factors might play an important role in supporting the health status of the community. This study was concentrated in the rural village of Gadingsari Sanden, Bantul District in the Province of Yogyakarta, which has low cases of infant and child mortality. Data on the various culture practices in relation with mother and child health were collected through in-depth interviews. The informants were pregnant women, women who have given births, or those who have babies or toddlers. Other informants were community leaders and some members of the community considered familiar with local culture. Alongside with interviews, observations were also conducted on the number of objects related to the mother and child health. The results of the Interview were entered into matrix tables of essential information, to determine the variety of information closely related to mother and child health. The results was then analysed in the form of qualitative-descriptive method. The community in Gadingsari were still live in the ceremonial/traditional pattern, among others, they still doing small festivity or “selametan”. There was a traditional pattern where in “selametan” food were distributed to the people who came to the house who conducted the “selametan” and distributed also to the neighbouring households. This tradition allows every family to get adequate nutrition both in quantity and quality due to the variation of the food. The sharing of food among households through social tradition will always happen in the community lives in Gadingsari village and will continue as long as people still cling to the cultural values of solidarity and a high tolerance to the fellow community. The sharing of good food among the people will give extra nutrition to the family, and indirectly affect the health status of mother and child. Cultural values are still strongly held by the community as a form of solidarity as well as a high tolerance among them.Keywords : Cultural Values, Equity , Food , Nutrition , FamilyAbstrakHasil analisis Riskesdas 2010 menggambarkan bahwa Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta termasuk 10 besar dari seluruh kabupaten/kota di Indonesia yang mempunyai Indek Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) cukup baik yaitu sebesar 0,69148. IPKM yang merupakan komposit yang menggambarkan kemajuan pembangunan kesehatan termasuk didalamnya kesehatan ibu dan anak. Jika mendasarkan pada asumsi bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan kemajuan ekonomi suatu masyarakat dengan tingginya status kesehatan masyarakat maka untuk daerah Bantul menjadikan suatu pertanyaan, karena jumlah keluarga pra-sejahtera atau keluarga miskin di kabupaten tersebut masih cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu perlu diungkap berbagai faktor endogen; salah satunya faktor sosial budaya yang diduga ikut berperan menunjang status kesehatan masyarakat di kabupaten tersebut. Daerah penelitian dikonsentrasikan di desa Gadingsari Kecamatan Sanden Bantul Yogyakarta, yang mana kasus kematian bayi dan balita sedikit. Data berupa berbagai informasi budaya kaitannya dengan KIA dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada sejumlah informan yang terdiri dari ibu-ibu yang sedang hamil dan atau pernah melahirkan dan atau sedang mempunyai bayi atau anak balita, sejumlah tokoh masyarakat dan beberapa warga masyarakat yang dianggap mengetahui tentang budaya setempat. Selain wawancara juga dilakukan pengamatan terhadap sejumlah obyek yang berkaitan dengan KIA. Hasil wawancara dimasukan ke dalam tabel berbentuk matrik informasi esensial untuk menemukan berbagai informasi yang erat kaitannya dengan KIA. Analisa hasil secara diskriptif kualitatif. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat di desa Gadingsari masih adanya ritual atau upacara adat berupa kenduri atau selametan secara tradisi selalu diselenggarakan oleh warga masyarakat. Selain itu ada pola kebiasaan masyarakat berupa pembagian makanan yang disebut weh-wehan diantara sesama warga masyarakat. Tradisi demikian merupakan suatu manifestasi pemerataan pangan di antara tetangga sehingga memungkinkan setiap keluarga mendapatkan asupan gizi yang cukup baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas karena komposisi dan jenisnya beragam. Pembagian makanan antar tetangga melalui tradisi sosial seperti i