Gallbladder disease (GBD) is a highly prevalent condition; however, little is known about potential differences in risk factors by sex and ethnicity/race. Our aim was to evaluate dietary, reproductive and obesity-related factors and GBD in multiethnic populations. We performed a prospective analysis from the Multiethnic Cohort study who self-identified as non-Hispanic White (n?=?32,103), African American (n?=?30,209), Japanese (n?=?35,987), Native Hawaiian (n?=?6942) and Latino (n?=?39,168). GBD cases were identified using Medicare and California hospital discharge files (1993–2012) and self-completed questionnaires. We used exposure information on the baseline questionnaire to identify exposures of interest. Associations were estimated by hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using Cox models adjusted for confounders. After a median 10.7?years of follow-up, there were 13,437 GBD cases. BMI over 25?kg/m2, diabetes, past and current smoking, red meat consumption, saturated fat and cholesterol were significant risk factors across ethnic/racial populations (p-trends?
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