Chronic Inflammation: Role of Adipose Tissue and Modulation by Weight Loss

摘要

Chronic inflammation has been linked with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Asnan endocrine and inflammatory organ, adipose tissue is an important source of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.nCurrent evidence strongly supports that chronic inflammation is associated with enlarged body fat mass. Moreover,ninflammation is independently linked with abdominal, especially visceral fat mass, possibly due to the regional variationnin adipose tissue cytokine production. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle modifications have beennadvocated for the treatment of chronic inflammation. A number of studies have indicated that either weight loss vianenergy restriction, or energy restriction plus other strategies (aerobic exercise, behavioral counseling, and liposuction),ncould reduce chronic inflammation. While the amount of weight loss tends to be important, exercise and other strategiesnmay have additional effects. A few studies have reported weight loss effects on adipose tissue cytokine production.nWeight loss reduces subcutaneous adipose tissue production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. interleukin 6, tumornnecrosis factor alpha) and increases adipose expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. interleukin 10, interleukin 1nreceptor antagonist). More studies are needed to investigate the role of regional adipose tissue cytokine production innregulation of inflammation and the modulating effects of weight loss.