PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS' EXPECTATIONS FOR SALES, EMPLOYMENT AND COSTS

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PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS' EXPECTATIONS FOR SALES, EMPLOYMENT AND COSTS

机译：产品制造商对销售，雇佣和成本的期望

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Net balances for sales expectations over the next year for both heavy and light-side manufacturers were a third higher in Ql 2012 than Q4 2011. Employment expectations for heavy side manufacturers were higher in Q1 2012 than Q4 2011, but dipped overall for light-side manufacturers.

机译：2012年第一季度，重型和轻型制造商对明年销售预期的净余额比2011年第四季度高出三分之一。2012年第一季度，重型侧制造商的就业预期高于2011年第四季度，但轻型制造商的总体就业前景有所下降制造商。

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《Construction News》 |2012年第7260期|p.65|共1页
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1. Output and employment improve at smaller manufacturers - but inflationary pressures threaten as firms face rising costs [J] . SURFACE WORLD GROUP Surface World . 2011,第2期

机译：规模较小的制造商的产出和就业状况有所改善-但随着企业面临成本上涨，通胀压力面临威胁
2. Study finds delivery, pricing, sales support are top three customer expectations for manufacturers [J] . Stamping Journal . 2014,第6期

机译：研究发现交付，定价，销售支持是制造商对客户的三大期望
3. Ceramics, a fall in sales, exports and employment. The turnover is holding, sky-high energy costs. Confindustria Ceramica: 'This is not a recession' [J] . Gabriele Bassanetti International Ceramics Journal . 2008,第4期

机译：陶瓷，销售，出口和就业下降。营业额保持不变，能源成本高昂。陶瓷协会：“这不是衰退”
4. How Wisconsin’s Focus on Energy Program Used the Power of Promotions to Accelerate the Adoption and Energy Savings of Commercial Lighting Products-and Obtain Manufacturer Sales Data to Help Document Savings and Attribution [C] . Karl Hilker, Eileen Hannigan Biennial ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings;ACEEE summer study on energy efficiency in buildings . 2010

机译：威斯康星州对能源计划的关注如何利用促销的力量来加速商业照明产品的采用和节能，并获取制造商的销售数据以帮助记录节能和归因
5. Essays on consumer promotion timing expectations and promotional response and manufacturer's sales promotion decisions. [D] . Liu, Yan. 2010

机译：关于消费者促销时机预期和促销响应以及制造商的促销决策的论文。
6. The Effect of Adopting New Storage Methods for Extending Product Validity Periods on Manufacturers Expected Inventory Costs [O] . Po-Yu Chen -1

机译：采用新的存储方法延长产品有效期对制造商预期库存成本的影响
7. We analyze, in this paper, a DSGE New Keynesian model with indi- visible labor where firms may belong to two different final goods producing sectors one where wages and employment are determined in competitive labor markets and the orther where wages and employment are the result of a contractual process between unions and firms. Bargaining between firms and monopoly unions implies real wage rigidity in the model and, in turn, an endogenous trade-off between output stabilization and infla- tion stabilization. We show that the negative effect of a productivity shock on inflation and the positive effect of a cost-push shock is crucially determined by the proportion of firms that belong to the competitive sec- tor. The larger is this number, the smaller are these effects. We derive a welfare based objective function as a second order Taylor approxima- tion of the expected utility of the economy's representative agent and we analyze optimal monetary policy. We show that the larger is the num- ber of firms that belong to the competitive sector, the smaller should be the response of the nominal interest rate to exogenous productivity and cost-push shocks. If we consider, however, an instrument rule where the interest rate must react to inflationary expectations, the rule is not af- fected by the structure of the labor market. The results of the model are consistent with a well known empirical regularity in macroeconomics, i.e. that employment volatility is larger than real wage volatility. [O] . Lorenza Rossi, Fabrizio Mattesini 100

机译：在本文中，我们分析了DsGE新凯恩斯主义模型，该模型具有明显的劳动力，其中企业可能属于两个不同的最终产品生产部门，其中工资和就业是在竞争性劳动力市场中确定的，而工资和就业是由工资和就业导致的。工会和公司之间的合同过程。企业和垄断联盟之间的讨价还价意味着模型中的实际工资刚性，反过来，产出稳定和通货膨胀稳定之间的内生权衡。我们表明，生产率冲击对通货膨胀的负面影响以及成本推动冲击的积极影响，主要取决于属于竞争部门的企业比例。这个数字越大，这些效果越小。我们得出一个基于福利的目标函数作为经济代理人的预期效用的二阶泰勒近似，我们分析最优货币政策。我们表明，属于竞争性行业的企业数量越大，名义利率对外生生产率和成本推动冲击的反应就越小。但是，如果我们考虑利率必须对通胀预期作出反应的工具规则，则该规则不受劳动力市场结构的影响。该模型的结果与宏观经济学中众所周知的经验规律一致，即就业波动率大于实际工资波动率。
8. Manual on Costs for the Primary Purpose of Providing Orientation to the Smaller Manufacturer in the Work Glove Industry on Key Elements of Product Costing and Cost Management [R] . 1982

机译：主要成本手册，为工作手套行业中的小型制造商提供产品成本核算和成本管理关键要素的定位

PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS' EXPECTATIONS FOR SALES, EMPLOYMENT AND COSTS

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