Comparison of trichothecene contaminations in wheat cultivated by three different farming systems in Switzerland: biodynamic, bioorganic and conventional

摘要

A total of 48 winter wheat samples from 1998 and 2000 were investigated by HPLC-MS for the presence of the trichothecenes nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), neosolaniol (NEO), fusarenon-X (F-X), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), HT-2-toxin (HT-2) and T-2-toxin (T-2). Robustness of the applied technique under routine conditions was good and corresponding quality control information is given. The wheat samples were cultivated on a long-term field trial in Switzerland with three different farming systems (biodynamic, bioorganic and conventional). DON was detected in 100%, NIV in 67% and HT-2 in 25% of all wheat samples. Only 48 % of the detectable DON concentrations were above the limit of quantification (LOQ, 50 μg/kg). The range varied between 10-206 μg/kg. NIV and HT-2 were detected at concentrations around or below their LOQ (NIV: 100 μg/kg; HT-2: 10 μg/kg). Statistically significant differences between the three farming systems could not be found. However, there were some indications that wheat from organic farming had lower DON contaminations than that from conventional one.