On-work or off-work relationship? An engagement model of how and when leader-member exchange and leader-member guanxi promote voice behavior

摘要

Purpose - Drawing on engagement theory, this study aims to examine how leader-member relationships, including on-work relationship (leader-member exchange [LMX]) and off-work relationship (leader-member guanxi [LMG]), influence employees' promotive and prohibitive voice. Furthermore, the study uses procedural justice as the moderator to distinguish the effects of LMG and LMX on employees' psychological states and voice through a mediated moderation model.