Development of clinker substitutes

摘要

Clinker is the main constituent of the majority of cements [1]. Possible clinker substitutes are gypsum, ground limestone, industrial by-products such as fly ash and ground granulated BFS (GG-BFS), natural (volcanic) pozzolans, calcined clay (metakaolin, LC3) and other supplementary cemen-titious materials (SCM). According to a technology roadmap by the International Energy Agency (IEA) together with the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), the global clinker content in cement (clinker factor = CF) stood at 65% in 2014 [2]. By 2060 a CF of 60% will be realized in the 2DS scenario (2DS = 2℃ global warming limitation in low-carbon transition of the cement industry). It is projected that this will reduce the cumulative CO_2 emissions of the cement industry by 37%, or 128% of the current direct CO_2 emissions of cement production.