By the time of his death in 1919, Andrew Carnegie had firmly established Ms reputation as one of America's greatest benefactors. Through active personal giving and several foundations, he had bequeathed a total of 350 million dollars, or at least 8 billion dollars in today's dollars. Libraries, of course, were a primary concern. Carnegie created 1,412 of them in the U.S. and more than 2,500 in the English-speaking world. His Carnegie Endowment for International Peace lives on today as an embodiment of his ideals-cooperation among nations, the redistribution of income, and wealth to be valued not as individual property but as a trust to be managed away.
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