Hidden beneath the ecosystem of twentysomething programmers making six figures at big tech companies is a class of workers who don't get paid vacation or maternity leave, discounted stock, 401(k) matches, or tuition assistance. For more than two decades, the industry has outsourced an expanding range of jobs to contractors, including coders, chip designers, customer service reps, custodial staff, security guards, and cafeteria workers. "A lot of temps are really used as a permanent tier of second-class workers," says Erin Hatton, author of The Temp Economy, a history of U.S. contingent labor.
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