Epistaxis: an overlooked cause of massive haematemesis in cirrhosis

摘要

The national audit of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage reported an overall incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the United Kingdom of 103 cases per 100 000 adults a year. Varices have been identified as the source of blood loss in 8% of patients aged less than 60 years, and mortality among these patients is four times the overall mortality for the age group in patients with haematemesis.