The UNDP/World Bank monitoring program on small scale biomass gasifiers (BTG's experience on tar measurements)

摘要

By the time that small-scale diomass gasifiers were 'rediscovered' and promoted for use in developing countries (1970s), UNDP and World Bank were well aware of the pitfalls of previous attempts to diffuse decentralized energy technologies. Therefore they decided to initiate a technology assessment programme before endorsing and/or stimulating a widespread gasifier introduction programme in developing countries. On July 1, 1983, the UNDP/WB worldwide "Small-scale biomass gasifier monitoring" was initiated, which was to "collect uniform data on the actual field performance, economics, safety and public acceptability of biomass gasifiers currently operating in developing countries". For the UNDP/WB program BTG developed a tar measuring protocol which was used at twenty gasifiers worldwide (Indonesia, Philippines, Brazi, Mali, Seychelles, Vanuatu and Burundi). Other parameters monitored include pressure and temperatures at various spots, gasflow, fuel consumption, lubrication oil analyses, gascomposition analyses, emission measurements. The seven year programme showed that most of donor funded projects failed, mainly because there was no sufficient commitment from involved parties.