Converging evidence supports fuzzy-trace theory's nested sets hypothesis, but not the frequency hypothesis

摘要

Evidence favors the nested sets hypothesis, introduced by fuzzy-trace theory (FIT) in the 1990s to explain "class-inclusion" effects and extended to many tasks, including conjunction fallacy, syllogistic reasoning, and base-rate effects (e.g., Brainerd & Reyna 1990; Reyna 1991; 2004; Reyna & Adam 2003; Reyna & Brainerd 1995). Crucial differences in mechanisms distinguish the FIT and Barbey & Sloman (B&S) accounts, but both contrast with frequency predictions (see Reyna & Brainerd, in press).