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THE TIDAL EVOLUTION OF LOCAL GROUP DWARF SPHEROIDALS

机译:局部群矮球形球体的潮汐演化

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We use N--body simulations to study the evolution of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) driven by galactic tides. We adopt a cosmologically motivated model where dSphs are approximated by a King model embedded within an NFW halo. We find that these NFW-embedded King models are extraordinarily resilient to tides; the stellar density profile still resembles a King model even after losing more than 99% of the stars. As tides strip the galaxy, the stellar luminosity, velocity dispersion, central surface brightness, and core radius decrease monotonically. Remarkably, we find that the evolution of these parameters is solely controlled by the total amount of mass lost from within the luminous radius. Of all parameters, the core radius is the least affected: after losing 99% of the stars, R_c decreases by just a factor of ~2. Interestingly, tides tend to make dSphs more dark matter-dominated because the tightly bound central dark matter "cusp" is more resilient to disruption than the "cored" King profile. We examine whether the extremely large mass-to-light ratios of the newly discovered ultrafaint dSphs might have been caused by tidal stripping of once-brighter systems. Although dSph tidal evolutionary tracks parallel the observed scaling relations in the luminosity-radius plane, they predict too steep a change in velocity dispersion compared with the observational estimates hitherto reported in the literature. The ultrafaint dwarfs are thus unlikely to be the tidal remnants of systems like Fornax, Draco, or Sagittarius. Despite spanning four decades in luminosity, dSphs appear to inhabit halos of comparable peak circular velocity, lending support to scenarios that envision dSphs as able to form only in halos above a certain mass threshold.
机译:我们使用N体模拟研究由银河潮汐驱动的矮球状星系(dSphs)的演化。我们采用宇宙学动机模型,其中dSphs通过嵌入NFW光环中的King模型来近似。我们发现这些嵌入了NFW的King模型对潮汐具有超强的弹性。即使丢失了超过99%的恒星,恒星的密度分布仍然类似于King模型。随着潮汐剥夺星系,恒星的光度,速度色散,中心表面亮度和核心半径单调减小。值得注意的是,我们发现这些参数的演变仅受发光半径内质量损失的总量控制。在所有参数中,对芯半径的影响最小:在丢失99%的恒星之后,R_c减小约2倍。有趣的是,潮汐趋于使dSphs更加以暗物质为主,因为与“带芯” King轮廓相比,紧密结合的中央暗物质“尖端”更能抵抗破坏。我们检查了新发现的超微弱dSphs的极高的质光比是否可能是由曾经明亮的系统的潮汐剥离引起的。尽管dSph潮汐演化轨迹与在光度-半径平面上观察到的比例关系平行,但与迄今文献中报道的观测估计相比,它们预测速度色散的变化太陡。因此,超微弱的矮人不太可能成为Fornax,Draco或射手座等系统的潮汐残留物。尽管光度已经跨越了四十年,但dSph似乎仍然具有可比的峰值圆速度的光环,这为设想dSph仅能够在一定质量阈值以上的光环中形成的场景提供了支持。

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