Assessment of the Physical and Bacteriological Quality of Water in the Halabja-Sulaimani-Kurdistan Region of Iraq

摘要

Ground water plays a number of very important roles in our environment and in our economies. In the environment it supports rivers, lakes and wetlands, especially through drier months when there is little direct input from rainfall. The flow of ground water into rivers as seepage through the river bed, known as base-flow, can be essential to the health of wildlife and plants that live in the water. A six months monitoring study on several water sources in Halabja-Sulaimani have been conducted. The field works commenced according to a regular schedule twice per month, starting in June and ending in November 2007. The physical and bacteriological evaluation of the well waters in the present study is based on standards given for drinking water by the World Health Organization guidelines. Waters in all sources were saturated by oxygen and healthy with regard to biological oxygen demand. An evaluation of general water chemistry indicated spatio-temporal changes between studied well waters. In all investigated sites, cations were dominated by calcium followed by magnesium, sodium and potassium in order of decreasing concentrations.