Patronage and politics in a South African city: a case study of Nelson Mandela Bay

摘要

本文对南非大都市纳尔逊·曼德拉湾（NMBM)进行案例研究，探讨了一个执政党与控制来自于公共分配过程的租金之间的动力机制。本案例研究阐释了地方政权及其对分配过程政治控制能力的削弱，并说明这与当地执政党南非非洲人国民大会（ANC)内部以赞助为基础的商业模式的同时兴起有关。已被证明非常脆弱的分配过程是新近设立的计划，目前的控制力和制度机制都仍不完善。本文考虑了非洲其他地区的经验以及可用以理解租金、赞助和政治权力之间相互(作用的其他分析模型，从被南非民主转型所释放的市场力量方面阐述了NMBM案例的主要特征，最得出公共机构在约束和管理市场方面具有很大重要性的结论。%A case study of a South African metropolitan municipality, Nelson Mandela Bay (NMBM), explores the dynamics between a political party in power and control over rents from public-allocation processes. The case study documents the weakening of the local state and political control of its allocation processes, linked to the parallel rise of a patronage-based business model within the African National Congress (ANC) as the local ruling party. Particular allocation processes that prove to be vulnerable are newly established programmes with as yet underdeveloped controls and institutional mechanisms. The paper reflects on experiences elsewhere in Africa and alternative analytical models to understand the interplay between rents, patronage and political power. The central features of the NMBM example are described in terms of the market forces unlocked by the South African transition to democracy. The paper concludes by looking at the importance of public institutions in circumscribing and directing markets.