Skyrmion bubbles stabilization in confined hole and trench materials

摘要

We report the direct evidence of the stabilization of magnetic skyrmion bubbles (SkBs) in confined trench and hole structures. By using a high-resolution atomic force microscope, we demonstrated that SkBs exhibit smaller sizes in nanoscale holes and trenches compared with that in uniform films. Our micromagnetic simulations indicate that emergence of the magnetic anisotropic gradient in these confined geometries has an additional contribution to the decrease in SkBs' sizes.