New dynamic method to measure rod worths in zero power physics test at PWR startup

摘要

To measure and validate the worth of control (or shutdown) bank in zero power physics test at PWRs, a dynamic control rod reactivity measurement (DCRM) technique has been developed and applied to six startups of Westinghouse plants as well as Korea Standard Nuclear power Plants based on the Combustion Engineering System 80 NSSS. With this technique, just one test bank is inserted into the bottom of the core at maximum stepping rate and withdrawn immediately to the all rod-out position. Specially designed inverse point kinetics equations are used to determine the test bank worth from the measured ex-core detector signals, which are controlled by the neutron-to-response conversion factor and the dynamic-to-static conversion factor. These two parameters are predetermined by the three-dimensional neutron adjoint flux distribution for both the top and bottom ex-core detector and the three-dimensional steady and transient core power distribution for test bank movement. To eliminate the gamma-ray effect on ex-core detector signals, a simple method, using reactivity curve characteristics, was also developed. To verify the DCRM method, a total of 28 bank worths of six different PWRs was measured by the DCRM and compared with those of conventional method. Results show that the DCRM method has a similar accuracy as the conventional technique. However, with the DCRM method, it only takes ～15 min per bank from the beginning of rod insertion to the determination of measured static worth. From its performance, one can conclude that the DCRM method is an effective replacement for the conventional rod worth measurement method.