Partial replacement of lead pipe with copper pipe in the distribution system was expected to reduce lead contamination of water and offer significant public health benefits. The practice drew closer scrutiny after Washington, D.C., implemented the most extensive and expensive lead service line replacement program in US history and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention linked partial replacement of lead pipes to increased incidence of high blood lead levels in children living in D.C. As part of the Lead and Copper Rule longterm revisions, partial lead service line replacement is being reevaluated.
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