Violence and weapon-related trauma at Puruchuco-Huaquerones, Peru (pages 636–649)

摘要

Conquest of indigenous peoples in NorthnAmerica is understood primarily through ethnohistoricalndocuments, archaeological evidence, and osteologicalnanalyses. However, in the Central Andes, the colonialnenterprise and its effects are understood only from postcontactnhistorical and ethnohistorical sources. Fewnarchaeological and bioarchaeological studies have investigatednSpanish Conquest and colonialism in the Andeannregion [for exceptions see Klaus and Tam: Am J PhysnAnthropol 138 (2009) 356–368; Wernke, in press; andnQuilter, in press]. Here we describe bioarchaeologicalnevidence of violence from the cemeteries of Huaqueronesnand 57AS03 within the archaeological zone of Puruchuco-nHuaquerones, Peru (circa A.D. 1470–1540). A totalnof 258 individuals greater than 15 years of age were analyzednfor evidence of traumatic injuries. Individuals werenexamined macroscopically and evidence of traumaticninjuries was analyzed according to the skeletal elementninvolved, the location of the injury on the skeletal element,nand any additional complications of the injury.nThis study examines and compares the evidence of perimortemninjuries on skeletonized individuals from thentwo cemeteries and focuses specifically on the interpretationnof weapon-related perimortem injuries. Evidence ofnperimortem trauma is present in both cemeteries (18.6%,n48/258); however, the frequency of injuries in 57AS03 isngreater than that in Huaquerones (25.0% vs. 13.0%).nSeveral injuries from 57AS03 are consistent with documentedncases of injuries from firearms and 16th CenturynEuropean weapons. We believe that the nature and highnfrequency of perimortem trauma at 57AS03 providenevidence of the violence that occurred with SpanishnConquest of the Inca Empire. Am J Phys Anthropoln142:636–649, 2010.