Predictors of Measurement Error in Energy Intake During Pregnancy

摘要

Nutrition plays a critical role in maternal and fetal health; however, research on error in the measurement ofnenergy intake during pregnancy is limited. The authors analyzed data on 998 women living in central North Carolinanwith singleton pregnancies during 2001–2005. Second-trimester diet was assessed by food frequency question-nnaire. Estimated energy requirements were calculated using Institute of Medicine prediction equations, with ad-njustment for energy costs during the second trimester. Implausible values for daily energy intake were determinednusing confidence limits of agreement for energy intake/estimated energy requirements. Prevalences of low energynreporting (LER) and high energy reporting (HER) were 32.8% and 12.9%, respectively. In a multivariable analysis,npregravid body mass index was related to both LER and HER; LER was higher in both overweight (odds ratio ¼n1.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 3.02; P ¼ 0.031) and obese (odds ratio ¼ 3.29, 95% confidence interval: 2.33,n4.65; P < 0.001) women than in normal-weight counterparts. Other predictors of LER included marriage and highernlevels of physical activity. HER was higher among subjects who were underweight, African-American, and lessneducated and subjects who had higher depressive symptom scores. LER and HER are prevalent during preg-nnancy. Identifying their predictors may improve data collection and analytic methods for reducing systematic bias innthe study of diet and reproductive outcomes.