The Productivity of Nanobiotechnology Research and Education in U.S. Universities

摘要

The knowledge production process of thirty universities that participated in nanobiotechnology research during 1990–2005 is estimated by a stochastic directional technology distance function. Knowledge outputs include journal articles, patents, and Ph.D students. The dual elasticity of transformation between knowledge outputs is estimated. An increase in patents reduces the revenue shares of publications and Ph.D students for a majority of the thirty universities. Aggregate university inefficiency has a U shape with a minimum in 1997. Evidence of technological regress is found which indicates that the increased production of patents, publications, and Ph.D students is due to bigger research budgets.