Metagenomic characterisation of bioaerosols during the dry season in Mexico City

摘要

Air pollution in urban areas is one of the main problems because of its effects on human health and the environment. The levels of critical pollutants such as ozone and airborne particles and their impacts on human health have been widely studied, neglecting the microbiological communities present in the air, which alone or in combination with chemical contaminants can have detrimental effects on human health. In this study, we employed a metagenomic approach to characterise the bacterial and fungal communities, using 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA. The study took place in Mexico City during the dry season, at days with high levels of ozone and suspended particles (March 14 to 18, 2016). We found a total of 147 bacterial genera, of which the most abundant ones wereMicrobispora(9%),Paracoccus(6%),Exiguobacterium(6%),Kocuria(3.0%),Friedmanniella(3%),Rubellimicrobium(2%),Sphingomonas(2%) andMethylobacterium(2%). We also found a total of 211 fungal genera, mainlyCladosporium(26%),Phoma(15%),Aureobasidium(11%) andCryptococcus(3%). Some bacterial and fungal genera reported in this study have been reported as a cause of allergic, respiratory or infectious diseases. Our findings may serve as a reference for further monitoring of pathogens present in the air during periods with high levels of ozone and airborne particles, studying their distribution patterns and evaluating the possible combined effects of those particles and pollutants as a risk factor for the health of the general population. Graphic abstract