An improved land-surface process model and its simulation experiment-part Ⅰ: land-surface process model and its 'off-line' test and performance analyses

摘要

Based on the existing land-surface schemes and models, an improved Land-surface Process Model (LPM-ZD) has been developed. It has the following major characteristics: (1) The Combination of physical equations and empirical analytical formulae are used to construct the Governing equations of soil temperature and moisture. Higher resolution of model level and Physical equations are adopted for the upper soil layers, and for the lower soil layers., lower resolution of model level is adopted and empirical analytical formulae are used.