里山林の照葉橱マテバシィと人間生活の関わりの歴史

摘要

マテバシィは日本固有のブナ科常緑広葉樹であり，森林区分 では照葉樹林帯の一部，気候区分では南海型の場所に生育す る.沖繩県を含む南西諸島，九州の西部，紀伊半島では和歌 山県，関東では千葉県，神奈川県の南端，四国では高知が該 当する.マテバシィどんぐりは古くから救荒食として利用さ れてきた.材を薪炭，枝をノリひびに使うために里山に植栽 されてきたため，自然分布は不明となっている.かって積極 的に植栽され，人々の暮らしに活用されてきたマテバシィは 現在では利用されずに放置されている.材でのシィタケ栽培， どんぐり料理などが提唱され，少しずつ利用への機運はあるが，まだ全体的な盛り上りに欠ける.本校では，マテバシィが人々の暮らしと関わって活用されてきた歴史を振り返る. さらに，森林の機能の持続的維持のため，榭の利用に有効な 方法について近年の研究事例を紹介する.%Pasania edulis is an indigenous evergreen broad-leaved tree species in Japan, belonging to Fagaceae. This species grows in a part of the laurel forest zone according to the forest division and in the location of the South Sea type in the climate division, and distributes in Okinawa Prefecture including southwest islands and western Kyushu, Wakayama Prefecture in Kii Peninsula, the southernmost end in Chiba and Kanagawa Prefectures in Kanto, and Kochi in Shikoku Island. The acorns have been used as a famine food since ancient times. Natural distribution has become unknown because the trees were planted in rural land to use logs for firewood and branches for sea weed production. The trees which were once actively planted and used in the human living were left without being utilized at present Shiitake mushroom cultivation with wood and acorn cuisine are proposing. There is a momentum to use them little by little, however, overall usage is lacking. This for sustainable maintenance of forest functions.