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  • 1.

    【2hr】Effects of formaldehyde exposure on the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice

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    机译 甲醛暴露对博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化发展的影响
    摘要：Keywords: Formaldehyde exposure, Pulmonary fibrosis, Lung inflammation, Cytokines, Lung elastance, Collagen production

    Abstract

    Environmental and Occupational pollution has been extensively studied because of its serious implications on the human health. Formaldehyde (FA) is a pollutant widely employed in several industries and also in anatomy, pathology and histology laboratories. Studies have shown the correlation between FA exposure and development or worsening of asthma. However, the effect of FA exposure on the pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is unknown. PF is a progressive and chronic lung disease with high incidence and considerable morbidity and mortality. Few studies have shown a worsening of PF after pollutants exposure such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Therefore, our objective was to assess the effects of FA on the PF. Male mice C57BL6 were treated or not with bleomycin (1,5 U/kg) and exposed or not to FA inhalation (0.92 mg/m3, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 2 weeks). Non-manipulated mice were used as control. Our data showed that FA exposure in fibrotic mice increased the number of granulocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage followed by elevated levels of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 17. In addition, FA exposure in fibrotic mice enhanced the gene expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the lung. We also showed an increase in the collagen production, while lung elastance was reduced. No differences were found in the mucus production, oedema and interstitial thickening in the lung tissue of fibrotic mice after FA exposure. In conclusion our study showed that FA exposure aggravates the lung neutrophils influx and collagen production, but did not alter the lung elastance, mucus production, oedema and interstitial tickening. This work contributes to understand the effects of pollution in the development of PF.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Biochemical effects of commercial feedstuffs on the fry of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and its impact on Swiss albino mice as an animal model

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    机译 商业饲料对攀爬鲈（Anabas testudineus）的鱼苗的生化作用及其对作为动物模型的瑞士白化病小鼠的影响
    摘要：This study assesses the biochemical effects of commercially available fish feedstuffs on the fry of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). Subsequently, its impact on experimental animal, Swiss albino mice, is also examined. In order to access the impact of commercial fish feed and feed consumption fish on the experimental animal, the proximate, biochemical and histopathological analyses were done using standard methods. The proximate composition as well as the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn, As, Zn, and Cd in the fish feed, different parts of the A. testudineus fish and different parts of the A. testudineus fish-treated experimental mice liver, were all determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometry. The highest levels of Cr, Pb and As were observed in the liver of Swiss albino mice treated with FFT2 and FFBB2 and their concentrations were 0.156, 0.491, 0.172 μg/g and 0.166, 0.771, 0.157 μg/g respectively. No significant changes of protein, fat, crude fiber, moisture and ash contents were observed after proximate composition analysis of fish feeds, A. testudineus and A. testudineus treated experimental mice.Significant amounts of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Zn Cu, Ni) were found in fish feed, different parts of A. testudineus fish and in the experimental mice. However, remarkably high amounts were observed in the A. testudineus fish’s head and bone with body parts. Biochemical analysis of blood samples of A. testudineus fish treated experimental mice indicated that the cholesterol, TG, LDL and glucose levels were significantly higher. Yet no significant alteration in the HDL level was observed when compared to the control. In histopathological analysis, a remarkable degeneration was observed in the liver and kidney of A. testudineus treated mice. It can therefore be concluded that although A. testudineus has nutritional benefits the quality of this fish may be compromised as a consequence of contamination through various anthropogenic activities. This analysis suggests the commercial fish feed producers must take special caution to reduce the toxic metals in various fish feed products and make it nutritionally rich and safe for fish to eat. Finally, it needs to be safe for human consumption as well.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Evaluation of the systemic toxicity and mutagenicity of OLIGOPIN®, procyanidolic oligomers (OPC) extracted from French Maritime Pine Bark extract

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    机译 评估从法国海洋松树皮提取物中提取的OLIGOPIN®（原花青素低聚物（OPC））的全身毒性和致突变性
    摘要：The potential systemic toxicity of Oligopin®, a French Maritime Pine Bark extract (FMPBE) rich in procyanidolic oligomers, was evaluated in an acute oral limit test and a 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study with Sprague Dawley rats. The potential mutagenicity was assessed in a bacterial reverse mutation assay and in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay with human lymphocytes. The results indicate that Oligopin® was nongenotoxic in both bacterial and human cell assays, was not acutely toxic via oral administration at up to 2000 mg/kg and was well tolerated following 90 days of oral administration to SD rats, with a no observed adverse effect level of 1000 mg/kg/day. The lack of significant adverse systemic effects in the 90 day study is concordant with findings from several human clinical trials. The acute toxicity and mutagenicity data are consistent with data reported by AFSSA in a summary of FMPBE safety, in which a NOAEL of 100 mg/kg/day was established. In contrast, the NOAEL derived from the 90-day study with Oligopin® was 1000 mg/kg/day, suggesting that it is less systemically toxic than other FMPBE previously evaluated in subchronic studies, and comparable to proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds, which are widely used as nutritional supplement ingredients.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Development, qualification, validation and application of the Ames test using a VITROCELL® VC10® smoke exposure system

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    机译 使用VITROCELL®VC10®烟雾暴露系统开发，鉴定，确认和应用Ames测试
    摘要：Keywords: Whole smoke, Smoke exposure system, Ames test, 3R4F, Eclipse, Mutagenicity, Tobacco heating product

    Abstract

    The Ames test has established use in the assessment of potential mutagenicity of tobacco products but has generally been performed using partitioned exposures (e.g. total particulate matter [TPM], gas vapor phase [GVP]) rather than whole smoke (WS). The VITROCELL®VC10® smoke exposure system offers multiple platforms for air liquid interface (ALI), or air agar interface (AAI) in the case of the Ames test exposure to mimic in vivo-like conditions for assessing the toxicological impact of fresh WS in in vitro assays.The goals of this study were to 1) qualify the VITROCELL®VC10® to demonstrate functionality of the system, 2) develop and validate the Ames test following WS exposure with the VITROCELL®VC10® and 3) assess the ability of the Ames test to differentiate between a reference combustible product (3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette) and a primarily tobacco heating product (Eclipse). Based on critical function assessments, the VITROCELL®VC10® was demonstrated to be fit for the purpose of consistent generation of WS. Assay validation was conducted for 5 bacterial strains (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA102) and reproducible exposure–related changes in revertants were observed for TA98 and TA100 in the presence of rat liver S-9 following exposure to 3R4F WS. In the comparative studies, exposure-related changes in in vitro mutagenicity following exposure of TA98 and TA100 in the presence of S9 to both 3R4F and Eclipse WS were observed, with the response for Eclipse being significantly less than that for 3R4F (p < 0.001) which is consistent with the fewer chemical constituents liberated by primarily-heating the product.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Black bean peptides inhibit glucose uptake in Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression and translocation pathway of glucose transporters

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    机译 黑豆肽通过阻断葡萄糖转运蛋白的表达和转运途径来抑制Caco-2腺癌细胞中的葡萄糖摄取
    摘要：Chemical compounds studied in this article: Phloretin: PubChem CID: 4788, Glucose: PubChem CID: 10954115, 2-NBDG PubChem CID: 6711157Abbreviations: A, alanine; AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AU, arbitrary units; BPI, bean protein isolate; E, glutamic acid; F, phenylalanine; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; L, leucine; I:K, lysine; N, asparagine; 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose; P, proline; P FRA, protein fractions; PHL, phloretin; PKC, protein kinase C II; SD, standard deviation; SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1; S, serine; T, threonine; V, valine; WZB117, 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate)Keywords: Black bean protein fraction, Colorectal cancer, Glucose uptake, GLUT2, SGLT1

    Abstract

    The objective was to evaluate the effect of black bean protein fraction (PFRA), and its derived peptides on glucose uptake, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and translocation on Caco-2 cells. The effect of treatments was evaluated on glucose uptake, protein expression and localization and gene expression on Caco-2 cells. PFRA (10 mg/mL) lowered glucose uptake from 27.4% after 30 min to 33.9% after 180 min of treatment compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). All treatments lowered GLUT2 expression after 30 min of treatment compared to untreated control (31.4 to 48.6%, p < 0.05). Similarly, after 24 h of treatment, GLUT2 was decreased in all treatments (23.5% to 48.9%) (p < 0.05). SGLT1 protein expression decreased 18.3% for LSVSVL (100 μM) to 45.1% for PFRA (10 mg/mL) after 24 h. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in expression and membrane translocation of GLUT2 and SGLT1 for all treatments compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of SLC2A2 (GLUT2) and SLC5A1 (SGLT1) was downregulated significantly up to two-fold change compared to the untreated control after 24 h treatment. Black bean protein fractions are an inexpensive, functional ingredient with significant biological potential to reduce glucose uptake and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Influence of smoking and smoking cessation on levels of urinary 11-dehydro thromboxane B2

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    机译 吸烟和戒烟对尿中11-脱氢血栓烷B2水平的影响
    摘要：BackgroundThromboxane is a key clinical risk endpoint of smoking-induced inflammation which has been associated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this review is to quantify the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on one of its urinary metabolites, 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Neuro- and nephroprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract against carboplatin and thalidomide through modulation of inflammation, tumor suppressor protein p53, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress and histology

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    机译 葡萄籽原花青素提取物通过调节炎症，抑癌蛋白p53，神经递质，氧化应激和组织学对卡铂和沙利度胺的神经和肾保护作用
    摘要：The combination of thalidomide and carboplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, limited studies have been conducted on the neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of both chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of our study was to assess the toxicity of thalidomide and carboplatin combination on brain and kidney and investigate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). Thalidomide and carboplatin induced up-regulation of the expression of p53, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in brain and kidney. Acetylcholinesterase, dopamine and serotonin were decreased and norepinephrine was increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitric oxide, lipid profile, bilirubin and creatinine were elevated, while antioxidants enzymes (GST, GPX, CAT and SOD), total antioxidant capacity and the levels of glutathione were decreased. A microscopic examination showed shrinkage of capillaries, degeneration with pyknotic nuclei, loss of normal structure and neuronal degeneration. GSPE co-treatment with thalidomide and carboplatin reduced their brain and renal damage, oxidative stress, diminished cytokines, p53, neurotransmitters and biochemical parameters, and inhibited brain and renal cell apoptosis. It can be concluded that, the protective effects of GSPE against thalidomide and carboplatin induced-brain and renal damage was associated with the minimization of oxidative stress.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Methylmercury promotes breast cancer cell proliferation

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    机译 甲基汞促进乳腺癌细胞增殖
    摘要：Keywords: Methylmercury, Mercury, Metalloestrogen, Breast cancer

    Abstract

    ContextMetalloestrogens are small ionic metals that activate the estrogen receptor (ER). Studies have shown that when metalloestrogens bind to the ER, there is an increase in transcription and expression of estrogen-regulated genes, which induces proliferation of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Methylmercury (MeHg), a metalloestrogen, is present in the environment and is toxic at moderate to high concentrations. However, at lower concentrations MeHg may promote the proliferation of ER-positive breast cancers and protect cells against pro-apoptotic signals.
  • 9.

    【2hr】HPLC-DAD fingerprinting analysis, antioxidant activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray leaves and its inhibition of key enzymes linked to Alzheimer’s disease

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    机译 HPLC-DAD指纹图谱分析，厚皮草（Tethonia diversifolia（Hemsl。）A.灰叶及其对与阿尔茨海默氏病有关的关键酶的抑制作用
    摘要：Keywords: Tithonia diversifolia leaves, Antioxidant activity, Cholinergic enzymes, Alzheimer’s disease

    Abstract

    Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray leaves have long been used to manage neurodegenerative diseases without scientific basis. This study characterized the phenolic constituents, evaluated the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from T. diversifolia leaves used as traditional medicine in Africa and its inhibition of key enzymes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The extract was rich in phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid) and flavonoids (apigenin) and had 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging abilities (IC50 = 41.05 μg. mL−1), 2,2-Azino-bis3-ethylbenthiazoline-6sulphonic acid radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 33.51 μg. mL−1), iron chelation (IC50 = 38.50 μg. mL−1), reducing power (Fe3+- Fe2+) (7.34 AAEmg/100 g), inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 39.27 μg mL−1) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 35.01 μg mL−1) activities. These results reveal the leaf as a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Acute toxicity of water and aqueous extract of soils from Champotón river in Lactuca sativa L.

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    机译 Lactuca sativaL.Champotón河水和土壤水提物的急性毒性
    摘要：Keywords: Bioassay, Lactuca sativa, Champotón river, Phytotoxicity, Soil–water solution, Environmental toxicology

    Abstract

    The seeds germination, stem and root elongation of water lettuces (Lactuca sativa L) were used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of water and soil of Champotón River, Campeche, Mexico. water and soil sample were collected from two sampling sites. Lettuce seeds were exposed to three different dilutions of water and aqueous extract of soil. Significant differences on germination, root and stem elongation of lettuce were detected. Water showed more phytotoxic effect than aqueous extract of soil and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for radicle exposed to river water was 52% while stem elongation was 69%. Due to paucity the previously available phytotoxicological studies onto Champotón River, it is now essential to allocate time and resources to consider development of suitable chronic phytotoxicity tests.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Capsaicinoids improve consequences of physical activity

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    机译 辣椒素可改善体育锻炼的后果
    摘要：Abbreviations: ACLY, ATP-citrate lyase; ACS, acetyl-CoA synthetase; AMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase; ARE, antioxidant response element; CAPs, capsaicinoids; FAS, fatty acid synthase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; HO-1, heme-oxygenase 1; IL-10, interleukin-10; LXR-s, liver X receptor-s; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MDA, malondialdehyde; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; PGC-la, peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor c coactivator; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein1c; TC, total serum cholesterol; Tfam, mitochondrial transcription factor A; TG, triglyceride; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-αKeywords: Exercise, Capsaicinoid, PPAR-γ, Nrf2, SREBP-1c

    Abstract

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of capsaicinoids (CAPs) on lipid metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status and the changes in gene products involved in these metabolic functions in exercised rats. A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7) (i) No exercise and no CAPs, (ii) No exercise + CAPs (iii) Regular exercise, (iv) Regular exercise + CAPs. Rats were administered as 0.2 mg capsaicinoids from 10 mg/kg BW/day Capsimax® daily for 8 weeks. A significant decrease in lactate and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the combination of regular exercise and CAPs group (P < 0.0001). Regular exercise + CAPs treated rats had greater nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in muscle than regular exercise and no exercise rats (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, regular exercise + CAPs treated had lower nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and IL-10 levels in muscle than regular exercise and control rats (P < 0.001). Muscle sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptors (LXR), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels in the regular exercise + CAPs group were lower than all groups (P < 0.05). However, muscle PPAR-γ level was higher in the regular exercise and CAPs alone than the no exercise rats. These results suggest CAPs with regular exercise may enhance lipid metabolism by regulation of gene products involved in lipid and antioxidant metabolism including SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, and Nrf2 pathways in rats.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQR-300) inhibits lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

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    机译 四肢洋蓟提取物（CQR-300）通过下调3T3-L1细胞的脂肪生成和脂肪生成来抑制脂质蓄积
    摘要：The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-obesity activity and the action mechanism of Cissus quadrangularis extracts (CQR-300) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cissus quadrangularis was extracted with hot water, resulting in CQR-300. The anti-obesity activity of CQR-300 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was examined by Oil-red O staining. Possible mechanisms of CQR-300 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined by real-time PCR and western blot. Treatment with CQR-300 inhibited lipid accumulation without showing cytotoxicity to 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, CQR-300 decreased adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related mRNA expression levels of fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). CQR-300 also down-regulated expression levels of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-associated proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and FAS. It’s also up-regulated the expression level of phosphorylated-AMPK (p-AMPK). Collectively, these results suggested that CQR-300 might have an anti-obesity effect by its ability to decrease expression levels of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related genes and proteins.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice

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    机译 五溴联苯醚混合物（DE-71）在大鼠和小鼠中的致癌活性
    摘要：Keywords: Pentabrominated diphenyl ethers, Liver toxicity, Carcinogenic activity

    Abstract

    Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been phased out in Europe and in the United States, but these lipid soluble chemicals persist in the environment and are found human and animal tissues. PBDEs have limited genotoxic activity. However, in a 2-year cancer study of a PBDE mixture (DE-71) (0, 3, 15, or 50 mg/kg (rats); 0, 3, 30, or 100 mg/kg (mice)) there were treatment-related liver tumors in male and female Wistar Han rats [Crl:WI(Han) after in utero/postnatal/adult exposure, and in male and female B6C3F1 mice, after adult exposure. In addition, there was evidence for a treatment-related carcinogenic effect in the thyroid and pituitary gland tumor in male rats, and in the uterus (stromal polyps/stromal sarcomas) in female rats. The treatment-related liver tumors in female rats were unrelated to the AhR genotype status, and occurred in animals with wild, mutant, or heterozygous Ah receptor. The liver tumors in rats and mice had treatment-related Hras and Ctnnb mutations, respectively. The PBDE carcinogenic activity could be related to oxidative damage, disruption of hormone homeostasis, and molecular and epigenetic changes in target tissue. Further work is needed to compare the PBDE toxic effects in rodents and humans.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Evaluation of genotoxicity of Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk. extract on mice bone marrow cells in vivo

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    机译 大戟Trisuleata Forssk的遗传毒性评价。提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞的体内作用
    摘要：Chemotherapeutic agents for cancer are highly toxic to healthy tissues at therapeutic doses and hence alternative medicine avenues are widely researched. Most of the studies on alternative medicine have suggested that Euphorbia plant possesses considerable antitumor and antibacterial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic effects of Euphorbia triaculeata extract on mice bone marrow cells using chromosomal aberration test and micronucleus assay. This study also deals with the effect of E. triaculeata on the standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment in mice. Three different doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight were selected. In micronucleus assay, single oral dose administration of Euphorbia triaculeata extract at the three doses did not increase the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Similarly, a single oral administration of Euphorbia triaculeata extract showed no significant changes on mitotic indices or in induction of chromosomal aberrations in mice bone marrow cells. Pretreatment with E. triaculeata extract significantly reduced the clastogenicity of CP. Hence it can be concluded that, E. triaculeata extract showed no significant genotoxic effect on mice bone marrow cells. Under the conditions of this study, it has been demonstrated that the Euphorbia triaculeata extract is not genotoxic and not clastogenic at the concentrations used.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Short-term biodistribution and clearance of intravenously administered silica nanoparticles

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    机译 静脉给药二氧化硅纳米颗粒的短期生物分布和清除
    摘要：Keywords: Nano, Synthetic amorphous silica, In vivo, Distribution, Intravenous exposure

    Abstract

    Recently, concerns have been raised about potential adverse effects of synthetic amorphous silica, commonly used as food additive (E551), since silica nanoparticles have been detected in food containing E551. We examined the biodistribution and excretion in female Sprague-Dawley rats of NM-200, a well characterized nanostructured silica representative for food applications. A single intravenous injection of NM-200 was applied at a dose of 20 mg/kgbw, followed by autopsy after 6 and 24 h. The main organs where silicon accumulated were liver and spleen. The silicon concentration significantly decreased in spleen between 6 and 24 h. In liver the tendency was the same but the effect was not significant. This could be due to clearance of the spleen to the liver via the splenic vein, while liver clearance takes more time due to hepatic processing and biliary excretion. In treated animals the liver showed in addition a prominent increase of macrophages between both evaluation moments. Within the first 24 h, silicon was mainly excreted through urine. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicokinetics of different types of silica nanomaterials at lower exposure doses in order to be able to predict kinetics and toxicity of silica nanoparticles depending on their physicochemical characteristics.
  • 16.

    【2hr】The determination of some biogenic amines in Turkish fermented sausages consumed in Van

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    机译 面包车消耗的土耳其发酵香肠中某些生物胺的测定
    摘要：Keywords: Biogenic amines, Fermented sausages, HPLC, Decarboxylase enzymes

    Abstract

    Biogenic amines, has been implicated as the causative agent in several outbreaks of food poisoning. Fermented food such as Turkish style fermented sausages can also contain biogenic amines, microorganisms possessing the enzymes decarboxylase, which converts amino acids to biogenic amines, are responsible for the formation of biogenic amines in fermented sausages. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of biogenic amines in Turkish fermented sausage consumed in Van in Turkey, and to evaluate their concentrations in term of public health risks. High performance liquid chromatography method was used to the determination of 8 biogenic amines in 120 sausage samples collected from 10 different brands sold in the local markets of Van. The detection levels of biogenic amines in the samples was ranged from 0 to 129.375 mg/kg for tryptamine, from 0 to 65.625 mg/kg for 2-phenylethylamine, from 0 to 255.625 mg/kg for putrescine, from 0 to 1148.75 mg/kg for cadaverine, from 0 to 469.375 mg/kg for histamine, from 0 to 438.125 mg/kg for tyramine, from 0 to 554.375 mg/kg for spermidine, and from 0 to 614.375 mg/kg for spermine.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Application of Mulberry nigra to absorb heavy metal, mercury, from the environment of green space city

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    机译 桑ni在绿色空间城市环境中吸收重金属，汞的应用
    摘要：Keywords: Mulberry nigra, Mercury, Heavy metals, North of Iran

    Abstract

    Phytoremediation is one of the methods for Bioremediation of the soils which has been noticed in recent decades. Two years sapling of Mulberry nigra selected and Mercury(II) nitrate solution with 30, 50 and 70 mg/L concentrations, after add solutions in to soil of sapling Mulberry nigra, eight months’ later leaf, stem and roots were selected and Measuring mercury was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The maximum level of mercury accumulation in the leaf, stem and root was 55.67, 50 and 65 mg/kg, respectively. Mercury could be absorbed easily by the plant’s root and accumulated in the plants.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Kobophenol A Isolated from Roots of Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity by Regulating NF-κB Nuclear Translocation in J774A.1 Cells

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    机译 从柠条（Cagana sinica（Buc’hoz）Rehder）的根中分离出的Kobophenol A通过调节J774A.1细胞中的NF-κB核转运而表现出抗炎活性。
    摘要：Abbreviations: C. sinica, Caragana sinica; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IκB, inhibitory κB; IKKα/β, IκB kinase α/β; KPA, Kobophenol A; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPKs, Mitogen-activated protein kinases; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; NO, nitric oxide; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-αKeywords: inducible nitric oxide synthase, kobophenol A, nitric oxide, nuclear factor-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines

    Abstract

    Kobophenol A (KPA) is a biologically active natural compound isolated from the roots of Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder (C. sinica). However, the anti-inflammatory effects of KPA have not been reported. This study aims to find out whether KPA isolated from roots of C. sinica can act as a potential substance on inflammation and analyze the molecular mechanism using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774 A.1 macrophage cell line. We showed that KPA treatment significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In the KPA also inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and production, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated J774 A.1 cells. As continuing study on the mechanisms involved, we confirmed that these effects of KPA were related to the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway including the suppression of IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) phosphorylation and translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Taken together, the present study is the first to demonstrate that KPA isolated from C. sinica suppresses the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated J774 A.1 macrophages. KPA may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)

    包量

    机译 瓦伦西亚（西班牙）地区食品中金属含量的评估
    摘要：Keywords: Metals, Foodstuffs, Occurrence data, ICP-MS, HPLC-CVAFS

    Abstract

    Concentrations of lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, tin, copper and chromium were measured in a study carried out in 2010–2011. A total of 8100 food samples were collected and composite samples for 12 food groups were analysed for metal concentration levels. Metal levels were, in general, below the maximum levels set by the current European legislation. The fish group presented the highest Cd, Hg and As levels, whereas sweeteners and condiments group was the most contaminated food group by Pb, Cr and Sn and the meat group had the highest concentrations of Cu. The results of this study are generally similar to or lower than those observed in other studies conducted in other countries, except in the case of Hg, for which high values were obtained, mainly in swordfish. In addition, this survey confirms a decreasing tendency when compared with other studies carried out in Spain.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in cow milk in El Salvador: Results from a two-year survey

    包量

    机译 萨尔瓦多的牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的发生：一项为期两年的调查结果
    摘要：Chemical compounds studied in this article: Aflatoxin M1 (PubChem: 15558498), Total aflatoxins, naturally occurred mixture of: Aflatoxin B1 (PubChem: 14403), Aflatoxin B2 (PubChem: 2724360), Aflatoxin G1 (PubChem: 14421), Aflatoxin G2 (PubChem: 2724362)Abbreviations: AFM1, Aflatoxin M1; AFB1, Aflatoxin B1; AFs, Total Aflatoxins (B1+B2+G1+G2); ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RSD, Relative Standard DeviationKeywords: AFM1, Raw cow milk, ELISA, Drought-associated variation: total aflatoxins, Feedstuffs

    Abstract

    Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and is excreted through cow´s milk. AFM1 contamination of milk is extended geographically and there might be seasons-related variations for both prevalence and contents, with higher than average values in regions with long periods of drought like El Salvador. Therefore, this project quantified AFM1 levels in raw cow milk and AFs in cattle feedstuffs, during the transitional dry-rainy seasons of two consecutive years and it determined the variation of occurrence and contents associated to drought. Significant variations were shown from year to year in the prevalence of contamination (30% vs. 20%) and in the average levels of AFM1 in milk (0.056 vs 0.039 μg/kg), associated with drought and increased temperature. The AFs median levels raised significantly with the drought period (from 22.5 to 10.3 μg/kg). A significant relationship was demonstrated between AFs levels and those of AFM1, both in the year with drought and without that condition. AFM1 positive cases and its levels in milk increase in drought and hot conditions, AFs levels in the cattle feed tend to be higher with the same, as well. Both relationship between AFs and AFM1 levels and their association with drought were demonstrated. So that, heat and drought stress conditions can evoke raising effects on both Aflatoxins level and occurrence due to AFM1 in milk is a carryover from AFs contaminated feedstuffs ingested by dairy cows.
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