PUTRA-Adol study: protocol for an observational follow-up study to assess the tracking of dietary patterns linked to cardiometabolic risk factors and its prospective relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carotid intima-medial thickness and mental well-being during adolescence in Malaysia

摘要

Growing evidence suggesting that dietary intakes of adolescents are generally of poor quality but not adequately assessed in relation to the early manifestation of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed; (1) to examine tracking of an empirical dietary pattern (DP) linked to cardiometabolic risk factors and, (2) to assess prospective relationships between a DP characterised by high intakes of dietary energy density (DED) and added sugar, and cardiometabolic risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) and mental well-being during adolescence.