Background: Obesity is a metabolic chronic disease with important associated morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for keeping long-term weight loss in severe obesity and consequently decreases obesity-related complications including inflammation. Aim: to explore changes in the inflammasome components after BS and their relations with clinical and biochemical parameters at baseline and six months after surgery. Patients and methods: 22 patients that underwent BS (sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass) were included. Epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation was performed. Four groups of inflammasome components and inflammatory associated factors were evaluated: NOD-like receptors; inflammasome activation components; cytoquines and inflammation/apoptosis related components; and cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators. Clinical-molecular correlations and associations were for the first time performed in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity that underwent BS. Results: The four groups of inflammasome components were dysregulated after BS. The mRNA expression of several factors was markedly decreased after BS, specially CXCL3, CCL8, TLR4, NLRC4 and NLRP12. Most changes were independent of the performed surgical technique. Inflammasome components displayed several clinical and biochemical correlations including the presence of baseline metabolic comorbidities (type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypetension) and the body composition. Conclusion: the regulation of several inflammasome system components may explain the improvement and reversion of some obesity-related comorbidities after BS.
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