The reversal of human phylogeny: Homo left Africa as erectus came back as sapiens sapiens

摘要

The nuDNA relationship of Hs, Homo sapiens, and Ha, Homo antecessor, with Eurasian lineages in blue and African in red. Hss (H. s. sapiens); Hsn (H. s. neanderthalensis); Hsnn (H. s. n. neanderthalensis, Neanderthals proper); Hsnd (H. s. n. denisova, Denisovans). The divergence between Hs and Ha has been dated to ≈ 850,000 YBP [73] and that between Hss and Hsn to ≈ 800,000 YBP. The arrowheads mark the mtDNA introgression that took place from Hss into Hsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP, i.e. more recently than the Hsnn divergence into Hsnn* and SH-Hsnn. The basal divergence among recent Hss, as represented by the Eurasian Lund and the African Mbuti/San is placed in Eurasia at ≈ 250,000 YBP