Review: questionnaires as measures for low energy availability (LEA) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in athletes

摘要

Unintentional, misguided but intentional, and compulsive behaviors are risk factors for low energy availability (LEA). These risk factors can result in a decrease in Dietary Energy Intake (DEI) and/ or increase in exercise energy expenditure (EEE). Overtime, these lead to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), with concomitant health and performance consequences. These can present as signs, symptoms and outcomes in both male (e.g. lowered testosterone levels) and female (e.g. irregular menstrual cycle) athletes. RED-S encompasses the earlier identified condition Female Athlete Triad (Triad)