The Levels of Vitamin D Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 in COPD Patients Healthy Smokers and Non-Smokers of Indonesian Citizens

摘要

BACKGROUND:Exposure to cigarette smoke may stimulate the inflammatory response and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes, thus resulting in secretion of cellular proteases. Vitamin D has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response to harmful particles in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).