Are radiologists ready to evaluate true response to immunotherapy?

摘要

Hyperprogression, a 74-year old female patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer under treatment with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody). a, b Before the initiation of immunotherapy, axial CT images show the metastases in the right adrenal gland (arrow) and upper lobes of both lungs (circles). c Axial CT image shows an increase in tumor burden of target lesion more than 50% compared with scans done before immunotherapy initiation. d There is also an increase in size in non-target lesions in both upper lung lobes(circles)