Searching for causal relationships of glioma: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study

摘要

The three assumptions are (1) genetic variants used as instrumental variables are only associated with the modifiable risk factor (X), (2) genetic variants are not associated with any measured or unmeasured confounders and (3) genetic variants only influence the risk of developing glioma (Y) through the modifiable risk factor (X). SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism.