Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c Body Weight Waist Circumference Blood Lipids and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

摘要

In 2019, ∼ 463 million people globally had diabetes mellitus (DM), with China (25.1%), India (16.6%), and the United States (6.69%) representing nearly 50% of that total. The primary objectives of this exploratory study were to assess the safety and potential efficacy of and fenugreek seed supplemented chapatis in overweight (OW) and type 2 DM subjects. Forty subjects (15/OW; 9/DM; 16/DM/OW) consumed two chapatis twice a day 6 days/week for a daily dose of 5.45 g of an /fenugreek combination over 12 weeks with no changes in lifestyle or medications. Anthropometric, glycemic, and vascular variables were recorded at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma lipids, and complete metabolic profile were measured at baseline and termination. Compliance, estimated during twice-daily individual delivery of precooked chapatis, was 100%, with no significant adverse effects. At termination, body weights, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, index of central obesity, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, estimated average glucose over 12 weeks, total cholesterol (TC), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG) were decreased (  r = 0.301,  = .0067) and aspartate transaminase (  = 0.277,  = .0129), (2) systolic blood pressure (  = 0.388,  = .0004), and (3) number of diagnostic metabolic syndrome criteria exhibited per subject (  = 0.391,  = .0005), cardiovascular risk score (CRS) (  = 0.281,  = .0115), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) (  = 0.223,  = .0467). Atherogenic and diabetogenic indexes TC/HDL, low density lipoprotein/HDL, VLDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were all decreased (  P N. sativa/fenugreek supplemented chapatis present a safe and seamless dietary modification to address cardiometabolic risk.