Asthma is a complex and interactive process involving many cell types, mediators and target-organ responses. Furthermore, the process can involve a progression from acute events ( ) such as allergen-induced activation of mast cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, leading to acute bronchoconstriction and airway obstruction, to chronic inflammation ( ) characterized by activation of T helper (T ) 2 cells and macrophages, and recruitment and degranulation of eosinophils. The changes in the airway cause not only airflow obstruction but also an increase in airway responsiveness. Finally, in some subjects, there is a further progression of the inflammatory changes towards airway remodelling ( ). The remodelling changes can lead to permanent alterations in the airway architecture such that obstructive events are irreversible. , immunoglobulin E; IL-4, interleukin 4; T 1, T helper 1 cells; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α.
展开▼
机译：哮喘是一个复杂而互动的过程，涉及许多细胞类型，介体和靶器官反应。此外，该过程可能涉及从急性事件（）（例如变应原诱导的肥大细胞活化）释放促炎性细胞因子和介质（导致急性支气管收缩和气道阻塞）到以T辅助物激活为特征的慢性炎症（）的进展。 （T）2个细胞和巨噬细胞，以及嗜酸性粒细胞的募集和脱粒。气道的变化不仅会导致气流阻塞，还会导致气道反应性增加。最后，在某些受试者中，炎症变化会进一步发展为气道重塑（）。重塑变化可能导致气道架构发生永久性变化，从而导致阻塞性事件不可逆转。 ，免疫球蛋白E; IL-4，白介素4; T 1，T辅助1细胞; TNF-α，肿瘤坏死因子α。
展开▼
