Essential role of microglial transforming growth factor-β1 in antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine and the novel antidepressant TGF-β1

摘要

The schedule of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model, treatment, and collection of brain. GSEA: TGF-β signaling. mRNA in the PFC (one-way ANOVA,  = 10.827,  d mRNA in the PFC (one-way ANOVA,  = 1.795,  = 0.181). mRNA in the PFC (one-way ANOVA,  = 5.175,  = 0.008). mRNA in the PFC (one-way ANOVA,  = 6.801,  = 0.002). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. (  = 6). *  P R)-ketamine, S-KT ( )-ketamine.