Accurate local staging is crucial in clinical management of prostate cancer ( ). Currently, multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) is the most established imaging method for local staging and although this imaging modality offers a high-resolution capability, it is still limited in staging of prostate cancer, mainly for microscopic capsular involvement. Initial studies had focused on a binary approach for prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE), whereas later studies aimed to utilize some subjective (e.g., capsular bulge, irregularity) ( ) and few objective measures (e.g., lesion-capsule contact length) ( ). Most recently, few studies have reported development of more objective scoring systems for EPE prediction in prostate cancer patients ( ). Despite all efforts, capability of mpMRI in local staging is still limited and not convincing enough to be used routinely.
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