The long non-coding RNA PCA3: an update of its functions and clinical applications as a biomarker in prostate cancer

摘要

Prostate cancer antigen 3 ( ) is an overexpressed prostate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), transcribed from an intronic region at the long arm of human chromosome 9q21–22. It has been described that modulates prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival through modulating androgen receptor (AR) signaling, besides controlling the expression of several androgen responsive and cancer-related genes, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and those regulating gene expression and cell signaling. Also, urine levels have been successfully used as a PCa diagnostic biomarker. In this review, we have highlighted recent findings regarding , addressing its gene structure, putative applications as a biomarker, a proposed origin of this lncRNA, roles in PCa biology and expression patterns. We also updated data regarding interactions with cancer-related miRNAs and expression in other tissues and diseases beyond the prostate. Altogether, literature data indicate aberrant expression and dysregulated activity of , suggesting as a promising relevant target that should be even further evaluated on its applicability for PCa detection and management.