Biofilms facilitate cheating and social exploitation of β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli

摘要

Biofilm formation, structure and short-term antibiotic tolerance. Biofilm growth of strains measured by a micro-titre plate crystal violet assay. Assays compared recent field isolates with a standard laboratory strain (DH10β) and the probiotic Nissle as a positive control. Data are from three experiments, each using with three replicates. Isolate cc11-1 was used in all future experiments and had a significantly increased biofilm production relative to DH10β (    2.14,  = 0.03). Boxplots showing survival of cells recovered from broth and biofilm culture after a 2 h exposure to ampicillin. The difference between the growth modes was significant at