Extracellular vesicle-mediated amyloid transfer to neural progenitor cells: implications for RAGE and HIV infection

摘要

Release of brain endothelial ECVs and their Aβ levels. HBMEC were exposed to 30 ng/ml HIV particles and/or 100 nM Aβ (1–40) for 48 h. Selected cultures were pretreated with 500 nM FPS-ZM1 (FPS) for 2 h followed by cotreatment with 30 ng/ml HIV particles and/or 100 nM Aβ (1–40) for 48 h. ECVs were isolated from the culture media. Total ECV number as measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Values are mean ± SEM;  = 3–4. ECV number according to their size distribution and measured as in A. Values are mean ± SEM; n = 3–4. Size, surface area, and volume distribution of ECVs shed by a representative control and FPS-treated HBMEC. & ECV Aβ (1–40) levels as measured by ELISA and normalized either to ( ) media volume or ( ) ECV protein levels. Values are mean ± SEM;  = 5–7. ECV protein levels as measured by the BCA assay. Values are mean ± SEM; n = 3–4. Statistically significant at *  p p