Aryl-45-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide Derivatives Bearing a Sulfonamide Moiety Show Single-digit Nanomolar-to-Subnanomolar Inhibition Constants against the Tumor-associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII

摘要

A series of new 3-phenyl-5-aryl- -(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 -pyrazole-1-carboxamide derivatives was designed here, synthesized, and studied for carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against the human (h) isozymes I, II, and VII (cytosolic, off-target isoforms), and IX and XII (anticancer drug targets). Generally, CA I was not effectively inhibited, whereas effective inhibitors were identified against both CAs II (K s in the range of 5.2–233 nM) and VII (K s in the range of 2.3–350 nM). Nonetheless, CAs IX and XII were the most susceptible isoforms to this class of inhibitors. In particular, compounds bearing an unsubstituted phenyl ring at the pyrazoline 3 position showed 1.3–1.5 nM K s against CA IX. In contrast, a subset of derivatives having a 4-halo-phenyl at the same position of the aromatic scaffold even reached subnanomolar K s against CA XII (0.62–0.99 nM). Docking studies with CA IX and XII were used to shed light on the derivative binding mode driving the preferential inhibition of the tumor-associated CAs. The identified potent and selective CA IX/XII inhibitors are of interest as leads for the development of new anticancer strategies.