Schneider’s first-rank symptoms and treatment outcome

摘要

The diagnosis of schizophrenia and its differentiation from other disorders with psychotic symptoms has always been challenging in the field of psychiatry. Historically, the concept of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, as well as its symptoms and diagnostic criteria, were described by several authors in the 19th and 20th centuries, including Benedict-Augustin Morel, Emil Kraepelin, Paul Eugen Bleuler, and Kurt Schneider. Schneider’s conceptualization of first-rank symptoms (FRS) was a particularly important contribution to the diagnosis of schizophrenia.