Self-administered and noncontingent nicotine enhance reinforced operant responding in rats: impact of nicotine dose and reinforcement schedule

摘要

RationaleNicotine infusions that are self-administered (contingent) or response-independent (noncontingent) increase lever pressing for a reinforcing nonpharmacological stimulus in rats, suggesting that in addition to primary reinforcement, nicotine self-administration may result from nicotine enhancing the reinforcement derived from nonnicotine stimuli.