Spatio-Temporal Point-Spread Function of Functional MRI Signal in Human Gray Matter

摘要

This study investigated the spatio-temporal properties of blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signals in gray matter (GM), excluding the confounding, inaccurate contributions of large blood vessels. Specifically, we quantified the spatial specificity of the BOLD response, and we investigated whether this specificity varies as a function of time from stimulus onset.fMRI was performed at 7 Tesla, where mapping signals of parenchymal origin are easily detected. Two abutting visual stimuli were adjusted to elicit responses centered on a flat GM region in V1. fMRI signals were sampled in high-resolution orthogonal to the retinotopic boundary between the representations of the stimuli. Signals from macro-vessels were masked out.Principal component analysis revealed that the first component in space accounted for 96.2±1.6% of the variance over time. The spatial profile of this time-invariant response was fitted with a model consisting of the convolution of a step function and a Gaussian point-spread-function. The mean full-width at half-maximal-height of the fitted point-spread-function was 2.34±0.20 mm. Based on simulations of confounding effects, we estimate that BOLD point-spread-function in human GM is smaller than 2 mm. A detailed time-point to time-point analysis revealed that the estimated point-spread-function obtained during the 3rd (1.52 mm) and 4th (1.99 mm) seconds of stimulation were narrower than the mean estimated point-spread-function obtained from the 5th second on (2.42±0.15 mm, mean ± SD). The position of the edge of the responding region was offset (1.72±0.07 mm) from the boundary of the stimulated region, indicating a spatial non-linearity.In conclusion, the point-spread-function of the hyper-oxygenated BOLD response in human GM is narrower than that reported at 1.5 Tesla, where macro-vessels dominate the mapping signals. The initial phase of this response is more spatially specific than later phases. Data acquisition methods that suppress macro-vascular signals should increase the spatial specificity of BOLD fMRI. The choice of optimal stimulus duration represents a trade-off between the spatial specificity and the overhead associated with short stimulus duration.