Quantitative Expression of VEGF VEGF-R1 VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3 in Melanoma Tissue Microarrays

摘要

Angiogenesis is required for progression and metastasis of melanoma. Analysis of angiogenic molecules in benign and malignant tissues may allow identification of markers useful for prediction of sensitivity to antiangiogenic agents. We hypothesized that differential expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGF-R1, - R2, and -R3 would be higher in melanomas than nevi and higher in advanced melanoma. Using automated quantitative analysis (AQUA), we quantified VEGF, -R1, -R2 and -R3 expression in melanoma tissue microarrays composed of 540 nevi and 468 melanoma specimens (198 primaries, 270 metastases). VEGF, -R1, -R2 and -R3 expression was significantly higher in melanomas than nevi by unpaired t-tests (p <0.0001). VEGF-R2 expression was higher in metastatic specimens (p <0.0001), but VEGF-R3 expression was higher in primaries (p < 0.0001). VEGF was coexpressed with all three receptors when assessed by Spearman's rank correlation. VEGF, -R1, -R2 and -R3 expression is higher in melanomas than nevi. Higher expression of VEGF-R2 was found in metastases versus primaries, supporting the idea that selection for an angiogenic phenotype in metastatic melanoma is conferred via upregulation of VEGF-R2. However, higher expression of VEGF-R3 was seen on primary lesions, potentially implicating this receptor in initiation of lymphatic tumor spread. Clinical trials using antiangiogenic agents in melanoma should include correlative assays of VEGF, -R1, -R2 and -R3 as biomarkers of response to therapy, preferably using quantitative methods such as AQUA. Such assessments could assist with evaluation of these molecules as therapeutic targets in melanoma, ultimately facilitating improved selection of patients for treatment.