Uptake and distribution of ultra-small anatase TiO2 Alizarin red S nanoconjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana

摘要

While few publications have documented the uptake of nanoparticles in plants, this is the first study describing uptake and distribution of the ultra-small anatase TiO2 in the plant model system Arabidopsis. We modified the nanoparticle surface with Alizarin red S and sucrose, and demonstrated that nanoconjugates traversed cell walls, entered into plant cells, and accumulated in specific subcellular locations. Optical and X-ray fluorescence microscopy co-registered the nanoconjugates in cell vacuoles and nuclei.